greatbear: (forearms)
(Caution: electronics geekery ahead, if that ain't yer bag, skip to your next post)

Planned obsolescence? It's alive and well, even if it wasn't intentional.

Once again, out of the blue, I notice that a speaker has gone bad, this time in a portable TV set. The little set has a pair of them, the right channel was dead.

This in the third speaker that has failed in the fashion, and I've had hard drives and a tiny DC motor fail in the same way rather recently. What do these all have in common? Magnets. Small permanent magnets. And in all these situations, the magnets were all "rare earth" neodymium magnets. I love me some neodymium magnets. Tiny, strong as shit, make so many things more efficient, lighter and more powerful, blah blah blah. In my latest repair job, I noticed my little 9" Panasonic combo TV/DVD player was missing the right channel (don't laugh, this tiny set, which I used to take camping, is the third most-watched set in the house, it sits atop my studio/AV workstation desk, along with a DTV converter box to make it usable). The right channel was a scratchy, low volume mess typical of a stuck voice coil. This time, I had a pretty good idea what was going on, as I had replaced two speakers in two completely unrelated radios with the same problem. It's not as if I was blaring these sets at full volume or otherwise misusing them, quite the opposite, in fact, these devices are taken good care of.

In all these units, the speakers resemble those old-school alnico magnet speakers you'd find in any one of a bazillion transistor radios from decades past. These have the advantage of having a small magnet structure that is self-shielding. But rather than the slug of alnico making up the magnet inside the cup, these speakers now use a neodymium disk magnet along with a similar-sized pole piece atop the magnet to concentrate the field in the gap. What look like cheap little speakers are instead rather efficient and make strong sound from rather small amplifiers. These speakers have decent power ratings for their size (the TV ones are rated 1W, the radios were 3W, all speakers from different makers were 3") and belt out reasonable sound for what they are. What seems to be the trouble with all this cheapass speaker goodness? Neodymium magnets have a coating, in most cases a shiny metallic silver nickel or ceramic coating. Typical strontium magnets, those dark grey disks sandwiched between two pole pieces, are almost never coated. The material is inert, after all. The neodymium material, which is actually an alloy of neodymium, boron and iron, pulverized into a fine powder and sintered (pressed together and heated with a bonding agent) corrodes easily when exposed to air. These magnets are sealed to prevent this from happening. Well, such is the case in a perfect world...

Apparently these magnets had little if no coating to seal out the air, and it didn't take long for these magnets to revert to their original pulverized metal components. The magnets literally turn to dust, filling the magnetic gap with magnetic powder and jamming the voice coils in place. Of course, the mushy remains of the magnet become unbonded from the structures and flop around in the gap as well, freezing the VC even tighter. Nothing looks wrong with the speaker from the outside. Cutting out the cone, spider and coil, and lifting out the remains of the magnets reveal all. The magnet resembles a half-dissolved metallic aspirin sitting in a puddle of water.



Another pic of the entire speaker taken apart )

I was able to root around in my stock of parts and find a decent pair of magnetically shielded 3" speakers to replace the ones in the television (though they just fit, being that the magnets were ten times the size of the originals) and everything worked out well and cheap (as in free), since I harvested the little speakers from a set of PC speakers I was discarding. I've also discovered it's damn near impossible to find these small commodity speakers that used to hand on the walls at the local Radio Shack for years until around 2000 or so. Even my usual parts suppliers don't bother with them anymore.

Think of all the stuff made with neodymium magnets these days. Anything with a hard drive. Many modern cordless power tools. Headphones, cell phones. anything with a motor, like DVD players. Motors like the starter in cars. You name it. This set is about ten years old, and the magnets died. In a couple cases where I had magnetic flashlights with these disk magnets, the coating became scratched and the magnet corroded in a matter of months.The dust is highly magnetic and can end up in places where it might not be wanted and difficult if not impossible to remove. Some older hard rives became unusable, and when I opened them up, the magnets were toast.

I have a feeling this is going to be a widespread problem. But, hey, since no one keeps anything beyond ten years anymore, it will just end up being tossed anyway. I'm not like that. In most cases, I keep stuff a long time, especially tools.

And you thought Juggalos had issues with magnets.
greatbear: (Default)
A nice little turn of topical events happened a day or two after my first article regarding hardware obsolescence and how the physical hardware has taken a back seat to the services they are increasingly tied to (and the monthly fee that inevitably follows. The New York times has a page declaring that the hardware itself is now what you are subscribing to. When you buy into a particular bit of technology, you have entered into a sort of contract whereupon you will be upgrading that particular bit of technology repeatedly over time. The article states the obvious when it comes to computers, after all, how many upgrade cycles has the typical reader of my LJ gone through over the years. But the article goes on and attaches the same upgrade cycle to standalone items such as DVD players, televisions and the like.

Heh, just as what I was getting at.

Think of cameras for a moment. Years ago, in the (seemingly now Jurassic) age of film, anyone who purchased a camera often did so with the thought of that camera being used for many years into the future. If one spent any substantial amount of cash for a 35mm camera, the thought was there that this camera will be around till it wore out, broke or gets handed down if one wanted to get deeper into the hobby or needed better for professional reasons. The model lineups for such 'serious' cameras would see update cycles that would take years sometimes. The little pocket snapshot cameras offered by the likes of Kodak might show lots of turnover, but that was the nature of inexpensive cameras. They usually did their duties well, until they either got lost, broken or the user wanted to do more with a camera and upgraded.

Two things happened. One, the inexpensive snapshot camera became literally disposable. They were repackaged as one-time use cameras, complete with film, and the entire camera got sent in when the film was developed. Ostensibly, some parts of the cameras were reused, where the rest was recycled or disposed. Not necessarily resource efficient, but this carved out a new market for those who did not want to invest in a camera but still wanted to take occasional pictures, or the better use as either a stand-in when one forgot their camera or did not want to subject their main tool to some hostile environment. No expensive SLR at the beach, for example.

The other big change in the camera market was the advent of the digital camera. This started out as a 'serious' device mainly due to their initial cost, with a one megapixel (give or take) costing over a grand, buying into the first digitals meant spending more than what a mid- to pro-grade SLR and reasonable lens would run. But the fact that these digital cameras now firmly wedded the world of photography with that of computers. This began a conundrum that the camera manufacturers were not prepared for - that of the expected increase of performance and features that people had come to expect in the PC marketplace.

Every year or two, a new benchmark for performance is set by the introduction of the latest CPU, graphics and hard drive space. And, in that space, what once began as the high end at the beginning, becomes mainstream or even entry level in the same period of time. Camera manufacturers, especially those catering to professionals or serious enthusiasts, were used to product cycles lasting three to five years. Pressure from the digital marketplace forced a major rethinking of camera product cycles that took a while to implement. Eventually the camera makers geared up, and players from the lowliest of Kodaks to the likes of Leica began tossing out new models almost constantly. This caused the world of digital photography to explode. The hobby has more enthusiasts and players than ever. In recent years, cameras with astounding capabilities were available at surprisingly low price points. Heck, I myself have five cameras, each in a particular category. But something has to give, doesnt it?

Megapixels. Ask most pros, and they will say that 3-4 MP is good enough to make a 4x6 print from. 5-6 MP can produce an 8x10 that can be indistinguishable from a 35mm shot. But the emphasis continues to be more and more megapixels from each and every camera. I have a tiny Pentax W30 that boasts of 7.1 MP. That's all fine and dandy, but it comes from a tiny image sensor and dime-sized lens. By making megapixels the main selling point, snapshot cameras output so much information that they are beginning to magnify their own shortcomings. And by selling megapixels above all else, it makes people sporting only 3 or 4 feel inadequate. Upgrade time! But unless you are moving from a subcompact camera to a DSLR (which, granted, so many people are doing nowadays), your are mostly wasting money and chewing up storage space.

I know what I touched on above only skims the surface, but it was to demonstrate where a good thing can become too much. People end up moving up-market not simply because they need something better, but because of a glut of mediocrity exists now where it did not before. And this goes for more than just cameras. I have always been of the belief that one should buy a bit higher up in a lineup than one's needs dictate at the time. You end up with a better quality item that holds up better over time, and keeps you out of the 'upgrade churn'. It's part being a smart consumer, and part being a gambler. The former always benefits. The latter sometimes pays the price.

To be continued yet again!
greatbear: (fuzzy)
Times have changed. At one time, people would purchase durable goods for the long run. Televisions, radios, telephones, etc. The value was intrinsically in the device, as well as what you did with it and what it was capable of. An AM transistor radio was a durable companion that provided entertainment wherever you happened to be. The big console entertainment system with it's AM/FM stereo, the turntable and rich sounding speakers were for more listening intensive or relaxed use at home. The television, if it were not integrated into the latter console, was a centerpiece of family life for decades, and still is for many today. But in the past, that piece of gear was bought for what it was, and it's value was tied mostly to the item's quality, features, appearance. And it's cost was directly related those attributes.

Fast forward (or pick the needle up and move it) to today. Look around at many of the items you use in a similar capacity as above. For the most part, the emphasis is not primarily on the device's attributes themselves, but on what you do with it, especially if it requires subscribing to a service. In many cases, the value of the hardware is downplayed, perhaps not even a consideration. Subscribe to cellular phone service, get the phone itself for free. The costs of the hardware are subsidized by the carriers, and paid for over time with the service. Change providers, and that perfectly good hardware becomes useless to you. The same goes with satellite TV/radio, PVRs, IP telephony sets, etc. Without the service, the hardware is useless.

Then there is perceived value. The cell phone business is the worst offender here. Handsets are touted for their fashion and plethora of features, each designed to separate you from you hard-earned cash. Support for last year's models tends to be nonexistent, and attempts at prolonging their useful life by replacing worn batteries and other accessories proves futile as these items are no longer available, or cost more than replacing the device itself. So it's off to VeriSprinTMobiNexT&T for the next big thing and that two-year service contract with the substantial termination fee.

Now you have a new handset, and the old one is either left at the store, or taken home and dropped in the junk drawer in the corner of the kitchen. Eventually this gear will find itself in the trash or hopefully at a recycling center. The service, with it's accelerating, changing nature, renders the hardware obsolete and useless, without regard for the costs involved. Resources, productivity and energy gets wasted, the environment suffers.

The upcoming switch to digital television broadcasting represents the nadir of this consumption cycle. Never in the history of television has an entire class of receivers made useless by a change in broadcast features. Today you can take one of the first televisions made, and if it's functional, plop a set of rabbit ears on it and pick up a VHF channel like the day it was made. Every addition to the broadcast standard, save for perhaps the addition of UHF channels in the late 50s/early 60s, has never rendered the previous generation of sets unusable. Stereo sound, color, closed captioning, teletext, the V-chip, it's all cleverly worked into the existing broadcast signal in a way that it never destroyed the function of the previous sets. By 2009, almost every set that was in existence before the last couple years will be functionally obsolete. It's by the purchase of converter boxes and the mercy of cable/satellite companies that this vast majority of televisions will still be useful.

"Useful" is a relative term here. "Usable" is probably more apt a description, as you now will have an extra remote that is required to select from broadcast stations. Other functions on the set and ancillary devices like VCRs and DVD recorders will cease to function, and frustrations will grow, prompting people to toss perfectly usable gear that was made useless by the service.

The costs of all this, of course, is borne unto the poor consumer. The 'service providers' in such scenarios gets off scot-free. Landfills become overwhelmed with toxic waste contained in all that discarded hardware. Recycling centers might pop up, but some will eventually charge for the service, prompting many to toss their stuff in alleyways and dumpsters. All those wasted resources.

I appreciate the value, feel and durability of things meant to last a long time. Fine furniture, professional tools, vintage audiophile gear, smart architecture, craftsmanship. Too much of that is lost these days with the emphasis constantly being on 'cheap' and 'the next big thing'. Stop and think about what you do with those favorite gadgets, and what those same gadgets end up doing to you. You're in for an eye opener.

To be continued.

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Phil

December 2016

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